Всероссийские профессиональные конкурсы педагогических работников

автор:

Башмакова Наталья Ивановна

доцент СЗФ ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный университет правосудия»

Синина Анна Игоревна

доцент СЗФ ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный университет правосудия»

Педагогическая технология языкового тестирования — тестовые задания по английскомй языку в сфере юриспруденции

Test №1 (What is law?)

1. Law is the whole set of __________ that are supported by the power of government and that controls the behavior of members of any society.
   1. obligations
   2. rights
   3. rules

 

1. Law __________ the rights of individuals, regulates their dealings with others.
   1. 1. violates
      2. ignores
      3. safeguards

 

1. Some laws are __________ – they simply describe how people usually behave.
   1. 1. 1. legislative
         2. descriptive
         3. executive

 

1. Other laws are prescriptive – they __________, for example, how fast we should drive.
   1. 1. 1. 1. prescribe
            2. prohibit
            3. allow

 

1. Some of laws are __________ – that is informal rules of social and moral behavior.
   1. 1. 1. 1. 1. customs
               2. proverbs
               3. articles

 

1. Sometimes, we can break these rules without any __________.
   1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. fines
                  2. penalty
                  3. imprisonment

 

1. __________ law concerns disputes among citizens within a country.
   1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. private
                     2. criminal
                     3. administrative

 

1. __________ law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.
   1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. administrative
                        2. public
                        3. constitutional

 

1. Criminal law deals with wrongful acts which are __________ to the society.

1. harmful
2. useful
3. helpful

 

1. Civil law _______   _______ individual rights, duties and obligations towards one another.

1. 1. carries out
   2. deals with
   3. holds up

 

Test №1 (What is law?)

Key:

1. C (rules)
2. C (safeguards)
3. B (descriptive)
4. A (prescribe)
5. A (customs)
6. B (penalty)
7. A (private)
8. B (public)
9. A (harmful)
10. B (deals with)

 

Test №2 (Ancient Systems of Law)

1. Ancient Codes have been written down __________ around 2000 B.C.

1. since
2. before
3. to

 

1. Hammurabi’s Code is a set of rules or laws __________ by the Babylonian King Hammurabi.

1. pronounced
2. prohibited
3. established

 

1. There are 282 laws that discuss a wide range of subjects, including economic provisions (prices, tariffs, trade), family law (marriage and __________), as well as criminal law (homicide, __________, theft) and civil law (slavery, __________).

1. divorce, assault, debt
2. assault, debt, divorce
3. divorce, debt, assault

 

1. The Book of Exodus _______   _______ two genres: Narrative History and Laws.
   1. carried over
   2. consists of
   3. according to

 

1. One of the most __________ ancient Law Systems is Greek system.

1. unknown
2. famous
3. nonexistent

 

1. In 594 B.C. Solon, great Athens’ __________, published new laws.
   1. 1. citizen
      2. judge
      3. lawgiver

 

1. Solon __________ the foundation for a democratic system of justice.

1. ruined
2. destroyed
3. laid

 

1. Solon established a democratic legal code that was based on rule of “__________ before the law”.
   1. 1. 1. equality
         2. limitation
         3. subordination

 

1. About A.D. 528 the Emperor Justinian ordered to make a clear, systematic __________ of all the laws.
   1. 1. 1. 1. archive
            2. code
            3. book

 

1. Roman system had a strong __________ on the law of most European countries.
   1. 1. 1. 1. 1. oppression
               2. influence
               3. interference

 

Test №2 (Ancient Systems of Law)

Key:

1. A (since)
2. C (established)
3. A (divorce, assault, debt)
4. B (consists of)
5. B (famous)
6. C (lawgiver)
7. C (laid)
8. A (equality)
9. B (code)
10. B (influence)

 

Test №3 (The Magna Carta)

1. The baronial revolt at the end of King John’s reign led to the __________ of the Magna Carta.

1. abolishment
2. modification
3. establishment

 

1. Sometimes this document is considered to be an early step in the development of the __________ of the United Kingdom.

1. constitution
2. parliament
3. monarchy

 

1. The Magna Carta was written by a group of barons to __________ their rights and property against a tyrannical king.

1. transfer
2. protect
3. return

 

1. In 1215 the King John __________ his seal to The Magna Carta.

1. affixed
2. deleted
3. changed

 

1. Although Magna Carta failed to resolve the conflict between King John and his barons, it was __________ several times after his death. The last version was entered into the official Statutes of England.

1. lost
2. disappeared
3. reissued

 

 

1. The __________ system and feudal law were two main themes addressed in Magna Carta. 

1. justice
2. political
3. penitentiary

 

1. The most significant provisions of the Magna Carta have __________ barons privileges and rights of knights.

1. ignored
2. fixed
3. violated

 

1. The Magna Carta also __________ rights of the urban population, Freeholders interests and some rights of Villain.
   1. included
   2. eliminated
   3. ignored

 

1. After the __________, the Magna Carta was edited several times. 
   1. abolishment
   2. disappearance
   3. adoption

 

1. To this days the text of the Magna Carta came completely. In addition some articles continues to __________ in English law.
   1. 1. operate
      2. be sought
      3. confuse

 

 

 

 

 

Test №3 (The Magna Carta)

Key:

1. C (establishment)
2. A (constitution)
3. B (protect)
4. A (affixed)
5. C (reissued)
6. A (justice)
7. B (fixed)
8. A (included)
9. C (adoption)
10. A (operate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Test №4 (The Bill or Rights)

1. The Bill of Rights was __________ on 16 December 1689. 

1. passed 
2. made
3. abolished

 

1. It is a restatement of the Declaration of Rights presented by the Parliament to William III (II) of Orange and Mary II , inviting them to become joint __________ of England.

1. 1. conquerors
   2. sovereigns 
   3. possessors 

 

1. The Bill of Rights limits royal power and establishes the __________ of Parliament.

1. interference
2. supremacy
3. insignificance 

 

1. After the acceptance of the Bill of Rights monarch was __________ of the following rights.

1. deprived
2. declared
3. expanded

 

1. It included number of clauses sought to __________ royal interference in parliamentary matters, for example: elections must be free and the members of Parliament must have complete freedom of speech. 

1. involve
2. increase
3. eliminate

 

1. We can see that according to the Bill of Rights Parliament is the main body of the __________ branch.

1. 1. legislative
   2. executive 
   3. judicial

 

1. The Bill of Rights played a __________ role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1. miserable 
2. minimal
3. key

 

1. If we look closer on some laws, we will see how exactly the Bill of Rights _______   _______ the future of law.

1. affected on
2. slowed down
3. carried out

 

1. The Act of Toleration represents the most significant __________ reform in England since its break with the Roman Catholic Church.

1. political
2. religious
3. state

 

1. English pressure on Scotland to __________ the Act of Settlement was one factor leading to the parliamentary union of the two countries in 1707. 

1. 1. accept
   2. block
   3. cancel

 

Test №4 (The Bill or Rights)

Key:

1. A (passed)
2. B (Sovereigns)
3. B (supremacy)
4. A (deprived)
5. C (eliminate)
6. A ( legislative)
7. C (key)
8. A (affected on)
9. B (religious)
10. A (accept)

 

Test №5 (Habeas Corpus Act 1679)

1. The Habeas Corpus Act existed since ancient times. It was __________ in 1679.

1. abolished
2. changed
3. passed

 

1. It is an Act of the Parliament of England which was adopted during the __________ of King Charles II.

1. coronation
2. reign
3. overthrow

 

1. During the revolution, the French monarch had __________ thousands of opposing political dissidents without any justification.

1. killed
2. imprisoned
3. released

 

1. The Habeas Corpus Act was passed in order to __________ individual’s liberty.

1. eliminate
2. limit
3. safeguard

 

1. The Habeas Corpus Act does not judge whether the detained prisoner is __________ or innocent, it simply decides whether an arrest was valid or not.

1. guilty
2. decent
3. fair

 

1. Habeas Corpus is a __________ or a court order that directs the actions of officers.

1. writ
2. book
3. code

 

1. When The Habeas Corpus Act went to the House of Lords for approval, it faced many hurdles, for example, a miscount of __________. 

1. deputies
2. votes
3. articles

 

1. Over the centuries, the Act was __________ in the constitutions of several countries, for example in the constitutions of the United States, Australia and New Zealand. 

1. prohibited
2. included
3. canceled

 

1. Habeas Corpus is still on the British statute books and a version of it is used in the United States, where the law was regarded as an important guarantee of __________.

1. duties
2. obligations
3. liberty

 

1. The first article of the Constitution declares that Habeas Corpus shall not be __________ except cases of “rebellion or invasion”. 

1. suspended
2. acted
3. functioned

 

Test №5 (Habeas Corpus Act 1679)

Key:

1. C (passed)
2. B (reign)
3. B (imprisoned)
4. C (safeguard)
5. A (guilty)
6. A (writ)
7. B (votes)
8. B (included)
9. C (liberty)
10. A (suspended)

 

Test №6 (Crimes and criminals)

1. According to  the Prevention of Crimes Act 1871 and  the Prevention of Crime Act 1908 the expression «__________» means any felony or the offence of uttering false or counterfeit coin.

1. punishment
2. crime
3. imprisonment 

 

1. Modern world is in constant __________ against various crimes.

1. 1. cooperation
   2. contribution
   3. struggle

 

1. Depending on the offense __________ there are such types of crimes: sex, drug, violent, white collar crimes, thefts, federal crimes etc. 

1. 1. 1. scale
      2. nature
      3. severity

 

1. Every crime must be __________  for it not to be repeated.

1. 1. 1. 1. disclosed
         2. punished
         3. announced

 

1. People, who commit crimes, are called “__________”.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. criminals
            2. advocates 
            3. prosecutors 

 

1. There are also more __________ types of punishment including physical pain infliction, imprisonment and even capital punishment.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. humane
               2. soft
               3. severe

 

1. Crime is an __________ action against a person or his property.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. unexpected
                  2. illegal
                  3. usual

 

1. Criminals are punished to take __________ on wrongdoers or for crime prevention. 

1. revenge
2. reward
3. benefit

 

1. The __________ types of compensation for crimes are fines, community service and restitution. 

1. secondary
2. chief
3. extra

 

1. The __________ crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

1. main
2. secondary
3. excessive 

 

Test №6 (Crimes and criminals)

Key:

1. B (crime)
2. C (struggle)
3. B (nature)
4. B (punished)
5. A (criminals)
6. C (severe)
7. B (illegal)
8. A (revenge)
9. B (chief)
10. A (main)

 

Test №7 (Capital punishment)

1. Capital punishment is a legal __________ through which a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

1. procedure
2. tradition
3. fact

 

1. Capital punishment is used to punish a variety of __________.

1. 1. acts
   2. offenses
   3. persons

 

1. The issue of capital punishment has been one of the most __________ problems in latest years.

1. 1. 1. forgotten
      2. terrible
      3. discussed

 

1. In the __________ history capital punishment was the subject of fun, entertainment and pleasure for people.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. ancient
            2. middle
            3. modern

 

1. Bringing criminals in __________ to the deity was practiced among all Nations at the ancient times.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. sacrifice
               2. gift
               3. bribe

 

1. In the middle Ages capital punishment was applied for religious views, considered outside the law, for example, __________.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. treason
                  2. witchcraft
                  3. murder

 

1. Public __________ used to intimidate, to discourage the others to break laws.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. executions
                     2. entertainment
                     3. accusation

 

1. There are some __________ of capital punishment: beheading, electric chair, gas chamber, hanging, lethal injection, shooting.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. conditions
                        2. difficulties
                        3. methods

 

1. In Nazi Germany there were three types of capital punishment: hanging, decapitation and death by __________.
   1. shooting
   2. stretching 
   3. quartering 

 

1. The Gallup poll shows that 64% of Americans support the death penalty for someone convicted of __________.
   1. 1. theft
      2. murder
      3. kidnapping

 

Test №7 (Capital punishment)

Key:

1. A (procedure)
2. B (offenses)
3. C (discussed)
4. A (ancient)
5. A (sacrifice)
6. B (witchcraft)
7. A (executions)
8. C (methods)
9. A (shooting)
10. B (murder)

 

Test №8 (Legal professions in Great Britain)

1. A __________ is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court.

1. solicitor
2. barrister 
3. Attorney-General 

 

1. Barrister’s tasks include taking cases in __________ courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. 

1. superior
2. district 
3. regional

 

1. In England, the number of solicitors __________ barristers, so they take up most of the general aspects of the provision of legal advice and conduct litigation.

1. inferior
2. equally 
3. outnumber 

 

1. Usually __________ in England is barrister, who have extensive experience in legal activity.

1. 1. advocate
   2. judge
   3. prosecutor

 

1. The Attorney-General advises Government on __________ proposals and on criminal proceedings which have a political or public element.

1. legislative
2. executive
3. judicial 

 

1. When considered of special importance the case, the prosecution maintains a special person – __________.

1. Solicitor-General
2. Attorney-General 
3. the Director of Public Prosecutions

 

1. Becoming a judge is very difficult in England, because person’s reputation must be perfect, and it should be a very __________ specialist in its field.

1. feeble
2. strong
3. nerveless

 

1. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other __________ presented by the barristers of the case.

1. evidence 
2. questions
3. documents

 

1. The Attorney-General is primarily concerned with representing the __________ in Courts.

1. organization 
2. client
3. Crown

 

1. The Attorney-General has the power to stop proceedings for any __________ offence.

1. accomplished
2. indictable 
3. serious

 

Test №8 (Legal professions in Great Britain)

Key:

1. B (barrister)
2. A (superior)
3. C (outnumber)
4. B (judges) 
5. A (legislative)
6. C (the Director of Public Prosecutions)
7. B (strong)
8. A (evidence)
9. C (Crown)
10. B (indictable)

 

Test №9 (Courts in England and Wales)

1. The Supreme court of the UK is the __________ court in all matters under English and Welsh law, Northern Ireland law and Scottish civil law. 

1. highest
2. inferior
3. appellate

 

1. The Supreme court is the court of __________ resort and the highest appellate court in the United Kingdom.

1. first
2. secondary
3. last

 

1. In the absence of a specific __________ court, the only remedy may be via judicial review to the High Court.

1. appeals
2. general
3. civil

 

1. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the British Overseas Territories and the British Crown __________.

1. property
2. dependencies
3. friends

 

1. Senior Courts of England and Wales __________ under Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

1. abolished
2. upgraded
3. established

 

1. There are two kinds of criminal trial: “__________” and “on indictment”.

1. summary
2. complex
3. jury

 

1. Almost all criminal cases, even serious, are __________ to the Magistrates’ Courts.

1. referred
2. accomplished
3. missed

 

1. “Summary” trials __________ place in a magistrates’ courts, while trials “on indictment” __________ place in the Crown Court.

1. hold
2. take
3. finish

 

1. It is possible to __________ a criminal trial by a voluntary bill of indictment, which goes directly to the Crown Court.

1. complete
2. start
3. end

 

1. Civil cases under £10,000 are considered in a __________ court.

1. county
2. Supreme
3. Crown

 

Test №9 (Courts in England and Wales)

Key:

1. A (highest)
2. C (last)
3. A (appeals)
4. B (dependencies)
5. C (established)
6. A (summary)
7. A (referred)
8. B (take)
9. B (start)
10. A (county)

 

Test №10 (Corruption)

1. __________ is usually defined according to the scale of the action and those it affects. There are three main types of corruption representing different levels.

1. theft 
2. imprisonment 
3. corruption

 

1. Petty corruption is often seen in countries where public servants and officials __________.

1. are underpaid
2. are highly paid 
3. have average salary

 

1. __________corruption occurs at the highest level of government. 

1. systemic
2. grand
3. petty

 

1. When corruption occurs __________ on a wide scale by many individuals in positions of authority or power, the system is corrupt. 

1. frequently
2. rarely 
3. never

 

1. __________ corruption is the abuse of public power, office, or resources by elected government officials for personal gain, by extortion, soliciting or offering bribes. 

1. police
2. judicial
3. political 

 

 

1. Judicial corruption refers to corruption related misconduct of judges, through receiving or giving bribes, __________ in the hearing and other such misconduct.

1. bias
2. dishonesty 
3. fairness

 

1. __________ involves the improper use of gifts and favours in exchange for personal gain. 

1. extortion
2. bribery
3. embezzlement

 

1. Fraud involves using __________ to convince the owner of funds or assets to give them up to an unauthorized party.

1. truth
2. trust
3. deception

 

1. __________ and blackmail are similar in concept, but there are differences between the two. 

1. bribery
2. extortion
3. fraud

 

1. Extortion is a form of theft that occurs when an offender __________ money, property, or services from another person through coercion.

1. obtains
2. loses
3. keeps

 

Test №10 (Corruption)

Key:

1. 1. C (corruption) 
   2. A (are underpaid)
   3. B (grand)
   4. A (Frequently)
   5. C (political)
   6. A (bias)
   7. B (bribery)
   8. C (deception)
   9. B (extortion)
   10. A (obtains)

 

Test №11 (The State System of Russia)

1. As we know, in 1992 Russia __________ a temporary government headed by Boris N. Yeltsin.

1. established
2. abolished
3. deposed

 

1. Boris N. Yeltsin became the first directly __________ President in Russian history.

1. appointed
2. elected
3. dismissed

 

1. In December 1993, Russia __________ a new constitution that established a permanent government.

1. canceled
2. adopted
3. reviewed

 

1. The federal government consists of three __________: legislative, executive and judicial.

1. powers
2. bodies
3. branches

 

1. The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces; he makes treaties, enforces laws, __________ ministers.

1. elects
2. appoints
3. chooses

 

1. Only the President has the responsibility of safeguarding the state system, the state’s __________ and integrity overall. 

1. sovereignty
2. instability
3. problems

 

1. Legally, the President is __________ from all the branches of power.

1. controlled
2. distanced
3. managed

 

1. The Federal Assembly consists of two __________: the Federation Council and the State Duma.

1. bodies
2. chambers
3. parts

 

1. The __________ power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. 

1. legislative
2. executive
3. judicial

 

1. According to the __________, the country comprises eighty-five federal subjects.

1. theory
2. geography
3.  Constitution

 

Test №11 (The State System of Russia)

Key:

1. 1. A (established)
   2. B (elected)
   3. B (adopted)
   4. C (branches)
   5. B (appoints)
   6. A (sovereignty)
   7. B (distanced)
   8. B (chambers)
   9. B (executive)
   10. C (Constitution)

 

Test №12 (Juries in England and Wales)

1. According to most researchers, the modern __________ by jury is the brainchild of the English and Wales system of law.  

1. trial
2. justice
3. process

 

1. In the Crown court the case is being considered by the jury only if the defendant __________.

1. apologizes
2. requests
3. wants

 

1. The right to a jury trial actually use only about 30% of the __________.

1. justified
2. accused
3. liberated

 

1. English laws provide for a rather complicated procedure for the __________ of jury, by random selection, lists of persons subject to be summoned to court for jury service.

1. compilation
2. dissolution
3. abolition

 

1. As a general rule, the jury shall __________ of twelve persons.

1. judge
2. consider
3. consist

 

1. Jurors are entitled to request the presiding judge to __________ the law relating to the criminal case.

1. explain
2. replace
3. review

 

1. Jurors are entitled to participate in the examination of material evidence, the production of documents and other __________ actions.

1. desirable
2. investigatory
3. accusatory

 

1. Jurors shall not to absent from the courtroom __________ the hearing of the criminal case.

1. during
2. after
3. before

 

1. Jurors shall not to __________ the secrecy of the meeting and the vote of jurors in set before them.

1. keep
2. protect
3. break

 

1. Persons __________ from 3 months to 5 years imprisonment cannot be a jury for 10 years.

1. sentenced
2. freed
3. missing

 

Test №12 (Juries in England and Wales)

Key:

1. A (trial)
2. B (requests)
3. B (accused)
4. A (compilation)
5. C (consist)
6. A (explain)
7. B (investigatory)
8. A (during)
9. C (break)
10. A (sentenced)

 

Test №13 (History of Russian Law)

1. The main source of ancient Russian law is “Russian Pravda”. Its __________ is connected with the name of Yaroslav the Wise. 

1. destruction
2. rejection
3. appearance

 

1. After the __________ of the Old Russian state in the north appeared the Novgorod Republic that was different from other principalities.

1. conquest
2. collapse
3. dependence

 

1. Novgorod Republic characterized by democratic form of __________.

1. government
2. policy
3. justice

 

1. The government reforms of Peter I were aimed at __________ the Russian Empire and based on Western and Central European models.

1. modernizing
2. destruction
3. attenuation

 

1. Peter’s systematic reforms significantly changed the __________ construction and administration of the state.

1. military
2. internal
3. educational

 

1. The __________ of Empress Catherine II is considered one of the most brilliant periods in the history of Russia. 

1. overthrow
2. coronation
3. reign

 

1. Alexander I __________ the throne on 12 March, 1801 after the murder of his father, Emperor Paul I.

1. ascended
2. captured
3. left

 

1. According to the decree called «free cultivators» the landlord, if desired, could liberate his serfs by giving them land and received a __________.

1. service
2. ransom
3. reward

 

1. In 1802, instead of the previous 12 collegiums were created 8 __________.

1. bodies
2. governments
3. ministries

 

1. In the basis of the state structure M. M. Speransky put the principle of «__________ of powers».

1. cooperation
2. separation
3. clash

 

Test №13 (History of Russian Law)

Key:

1. C (appearance)
2. B (collapse)
3. A (government)
4. A (modernizing)
5. B (internal)
6. C (reign)
7. A (ascended)
8. B (ransom)
9. C (ministries)
10. B (separation)

 

Test №14 (Criminology)

1. __________ is a social science which deals with the nature, extent, and causes of crime.

1. medical jurisprudence 
2. criminology 
3. judicial psychiatry 

 

1. The word Criminology comes from __________. 

1. Greek 
2. Russian 
3. Latin

 

1. The science of criminology has two basic objectives: to __________ the causes, whether they are personal or social of criminal behavior and to evolve valid principles for the social control of crime. 

1. destruct 
2. determine
3. hide

 

1. In pursuing these objectives, criminology draws on the __________ of biology, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, and so on. 

1. findings
2. gaps
3. problems

 

1. The definition of crime is widely __________. 

1. rearranged
2. discussed 
3. changed

 

1. The most common definition of crime claims that crime is an act that violates the basic __________ and beliefs of society. 

1. values
2. preferences
3. wishes

 

1. Statutes are enacted by legislatures and __________ current cultural mores. 

1. oppress 
2. disregard 
3. reflect 

 

1. Causes and correlates of crime include socioeconomic, psychological, biological __________.

1. effects
2. factors
3. problems

 

1. The most common causes of crime are legal __________, nationalism, avarice. 

1. nihilism
2. idealism
3. dualism 

 

1. Natural laws __________ against harm to persons (e.g. murder, rape, assault) or property (theft, robbery), and form the basis of common law systems.

1. protect 
2. establish
3. reinforce 

 

 

 

 

 

Test №14 (Criminology)

Key:

1. B (criminology)
2. C (Latin)
3. B (determine)
4. A (findings)
5. B (discussed)
6. A (values)
7. C (reflect)
8. B (nihilism)
9. A (nihilism)
10. A (protect)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Test №15 (Fraud)

1. Thousands of people each year fall victim to __________ acts.

1. friendly
2. fraudulent 
3. enemy

 

1. In essence, fraud is the intentional __________ of a person or entity made for monetary or personal gain.

1. deception
2. assistance
3. service

 

1. Fraud __________ always include some sort of false statement, misrepresentation, or deceitful conduct.

1. offences
2. persons
3. services

 

1. Criminal fraud involves criminal intent on the part of the perpetrator and is __________ by fines or imprisonment.

1. prohibited
2. encouraged
3. punishable

 

1. Civil fraud involves the penalties are meant to punish the perpetrator and __________ the victim back in the same position before the fraud took place.

1. reinstate
2. protect
3. award

 

1. The warning __________ depend on the type of attempted fraud. 

1. rules
2. signs
3. types

 

1. If you believe you are a __________ of fraud, there are many national and local fraud victims’ assistance organizations that may help you.

1. perpetrator
2. victim
3. dependent

 

1. There are many types of fraud offenses, several of which occur __________ the mail, internet or phone.

1. through
2. assisted
3. defy

 

1. Financial manager from Wall Street was __________ to 150 years in prison for theft a $65 billion. 

1. hidden
2. pardoned
3. sentenced

 

1. Another example is Frank Abagnale Jr., US impostor who signed __________ checks.

1. bad
2. expensive
3. unprofitable

 

Test №15 (Fraud)

Key:

1. B (fraudulent)
2. A (deception)
3. A (offences)
4. C (punishable)
5. A (reinstate)
6. B (signs)
7. B (victim)
8. A (through)
9. C (sentenced)
10. A (bad)

 

Test №16 (Judicial Power of Russia)

1. Justice is carried out in the Russian Federation only by __________.

1. courts 
2. officials
3. authorities

 

1. The __________ courts are the criminal trial courts, and the regional courts are the primary appellate courts.

1. ordinary
2. supreme 
3. district

 

1. In the case of serious crimes the accused have the right of a jury trial consisting of __________ jurors.

1. ten
2. fourteen
3. twelve

 

1. The Constitutional Court of Russia is responsible for cases concerning __________ with the Constitution. 

1. conformity
2. abolition
3. modification

 

1. The Supreme Court of Russia is the __________ court.

1. 1. main
   2. lowest 
   3. highest

 

1. Sometimes the Supreme Court of Russia sits as a court of __________ instance in cases which are related to important interests of state. 

1. trial
2. first
3. lowest

 

1. The Supreme Court of __________ inferior courts of general jurisdiction.

1. establishes
2. supervises
3. dissolves

 

1. The current Constitution of the Russian Federation was __________ by national referendum on December 12, 1993. 

1. adopted
2. created
3. abolished

 

1. Everyone has the __________ of legal assistance.

1. ability
2. obligation
3. right

 

1. The __________  have the right to a defense lawyer from the time he was delayed, detained, declared charged or a suspect. 

1. plaintiff
2. judge
3. accused

 

Test №16 (Judicial Power of Russia)

Key:

1. A (courts)
2. C (district)
3. C (twelve)
4. A (conformity)
5. C (highest)
6. B (first)
7. B (supervises)
8. A (adopted)
9. C (right)
10. C (accused)

 

Test №17 (Civil cases)

1. Procedural law consists of the set of rules that govern the __________ of the court in civil cases as well as criminal and administrative lawsuits.

1. powers
2. proceedings
3. obligations

 

1. Substantive law _______   _______ the legal relations between private and legal entities or between citizens and the state.

1. deals with
2. holds up
3. carries out

 

1. Substantive law __________ the rights and duties of the people.

1. limits
2. disregards
3. defines

 

1. A civil case, more commonly known as a civil __________, involves a legal dispute between two or more parties.

1. lawsuit
2. act
3. law

 

1. To begin a civil lawsuit in federal court, the __________ files a complaint with the court. 

1. defendant
2. plaintiff
3. judge

 

1. In a jury trial, the judge explains the law that is __________ to the case.

1. relevant
2. desirable
3. unsuitable

 

1. The jury generally is asked to __________ whether the defendant is responsible for harming the plaintiff

1. discover
2. determine
3. provide

 

1. A plaintiff may seek a compensation for the damages, or may ask the court to order the defendant to stop the __________ that is causing the harm. 

1. damage
2. violence
3. conduct

 

1. Instead of dealing with crimes, civil law deals with __________ or actions that aren’t necessarily illegal but can be proven to be damaging in some way.

1. torts
2. constitution
3. codes

 

1. __________ in civil lawsuits are generally limited to monetary compensation, whereas __________ in criminal cases often lead to jail time.

1. complaints
2. punishments
3. claims

 

Test №17 (Civil cases)

Key:

1. B (proceedings)
2. A (deals with)
3. C (defines)
4. A (lawsuit)
5. B (plaintiff)
6. A (relevant)
7. B (determine)
8. C (conduct)
9. A (torts)
10. B (punishments)

 

Test №18 (The Russian Bar Association)

1. In the Russian Federation a __________ may be a person who has received a secondary or higher professional education in law.

1. defendant 
2. lawyer
3. plaintiff

 

1. __________ can be combined in the Bar, law offices, lawyers consulting or practice independently.

1. citizens 
2. advocates
3. judges 

 

1. The status of advocate in the Russian Federation may acquire the person who has a work __________ of at least two years.

1. prohibition
2. education
3. experience

 

1. The law __________ lawyers to engage in business and other activities except creative, research and teaching.

1. permits
2. prohibits
3. allows

 

1. Graduates of law schools are __________ to the Chamber of Attorneys only after probation for a period not less than six months.

1. accepted
2. retired
3. expelled

 

 

1. In Russia the __________ is an independent professional legal adviser.

1. plaintiff 
2. defendant 
3. advocate 

 

1. At the same time, professional __________ or corporate lawyer helps his company to cope with any kind of legal problems.

1. outward 
2. in-house 
3. ambient 

 

1. The lawyer may provide legal assistance and legal services in civil, tax, labor, family, inheritance, housing, corporate, administrative and other cases in the area of __________.

1. economics 
2. law 
3. psychology

 

1. __________ to practice is acquired when the lawyer is licensed to practice law. 

1. admission 
2. limitation
3. prohibition 

 

1. The status of advocate in the Russian Federation may acquire the person who has a law degree in the __________ profession.

1. legal
2. political 
3. economic

 

Test №18 (The Russian Bar Association)

Key:

1. B (lawyer)
2. B (advocates)
3. C (experience)
4. B (prohibits)
5. A (accepted)
6. C (advocate)
7. B (in-house)
8. B (law)
9. A (admission)
10. A (legal)

 

Test №19 (Crime and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

1. __________ is a breach of rules or laws for which governing authority prescribes a punishment. 

1. crime
2. deterrence 
3. reprimand 

 

1. Punishment is the __________ of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual.

1. release
2. imposition 
3. accompany

 

1. Crime is an “__________ of doing something criminal with an intention to do something criminal”. 

1. ability
2. possibility
3. act

 

1. Punishments differ in their degree of __________ and may include sanctions such as reprimands, deprivations of privileges or liberty, fines, incarcerations, etc. 

1. scale 
2. severity 
3. nature

 

1. The result of punishment will be that the perpetrator realizes his mistake and will __________ it in the future. 

1. avoid
2. commit 
3. repeat

 

 

1. __________ means dissuading someone from future wrongdoing by making the punishment severe enough.

1. release
2. restoration 
3. deterrence 

 

1. For example, a vandal might be made to __________ up the mess he has made. 

1. put
2. clean
3. take

 

1. In the United States, the age of criminal __________ varies between states, being as low as six years in South Carolina and seven years in 35 states. 

1. imprisonment
2. responsibility
3. release

 

1. The term “crimes against the person” refers to a broad array of criminal offences which usually involve bodily __________ or other actions committed against the will of an individual. 

1. harm
2. rescue
3. victim

 

1. Especially dangerous state crimes are acts or __________ aimed at weakening the state system. 

1. warnings
2. omissions
3. feats

 

Test №19 (Crime and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

Key:

1. A (crime)
2. B (imposition)
3. C (act)
4. B (severity)
5. A (avoid)
6. C (deterrence)
7. B (clean)
8. B (responsibility)
9. A (harm)
10. B (omissions)